1

Too-fast   or too-slow cure — insufficient working time or slow production throughput.

Amine   curative reactivity mismatch, incorrect mix ratio, temperature variation.

Select   DETDA for fast cure (gel 15–60 min); DMTDA for extended pot life (30–90 min);   PEA MW selection controls reactivity (lower MW = faster); provide precise   AHEW (Amine Hydrogen Equivalent Weight); recommend heated substrate for   consistent cure.

2

Incomplete   cure / surface tackiness — reduced mechanical properties, poor chemical   resistance.

Incorrect   stoichiometric ratio, moisture contamination, low cure temperature, amine   blushing.

Ensure   precise mix ratio (±2%) using calibrated equipment; use low-moisture amine   (<0.1%); specify minimum cure temperature (15°C); recommend DETDA (less   prone to blushing) vs. aliphatic amines; provide post-cure schedule (60–80°C   × 2–4h).

3

Poor   adhesion to concrete/metal — delamination, blistering, coating failure.

Amine   blush on surface, substrate contamination, incorrect surface prep, low   wetting.

Use   DETDA/DMTDA (low blushing) vs. aliphatic amines; recommend proper surface   preparation (CSP 3–5 for concrete, SSPC-SP10 for steel); select PEA with good   wetting properties; recommend primer coat; ensure substrate temperature >   dew point.

4

Bubbles   / pinholes / outgassing — aesthetic defects, reduced barrier and corrosion   protection.

Moisture   in amine/isocyanate, high viscosity trapping air, concrete outgassing,   improper mixing.

Require   low-moisture PEA (<0.05%) and isocyanate (<0.03%); use   nitrogen-blanketed packaging; recommend vacuum degassing for castings;   control concrete moisture (<4%); use slow-reacting DMTDA for outgassing   escape; recommend proper mixing technique.

5

Insufficient   chemical resistance — coating softening, staining, degradation in industrial   environments.

Low   crosslink density, insufficient Tg, incorrect curative selection, under-cure.

Use   DETDA curative for high Tg (120–160°C) and crosslink density; increase   curative ratio for higher hardness; ensure full cure (post-cure at 80°C);   recommend chemical immersion testing for specific media; select aromatic   amine (DETDA/DMTDA) over aliphatic for chemical resistance.

6

Moisture   sensitivity during cure — blushing, amine blush, reduced performance in humid   conditions.

Aliphatic   amine reaction with CO2/moisture, high humidity, low temperature.

Use   aromatic amines (DETDA, DMTDA) which are less prone to blushing; specify   minimum application temperature (15°C) and humidity (<85% RH); recommend   PEA with reduced blushing tendency; use film-forming additives; provide   humidity-specific formulation guidance.

7

High   exotherm during thick-section cure — cracking, thermal stress, part   distortion.

Fast-reacting   curative in thick sections, high ambient temperature, insufficient heat   dissipation.

Select   DMTDA (slower reactivity) for thick sections (>10mm); use PEA (MW   400–2000) to moderate exotherm; recommend step-cure schedule (room temp →   60°C → 80°C); control ambient temperature (20–25°C); use cast-in layers for   very thick sections.

8

VOC   and regulatory compliance — low-VOC requirements, worker safety,   environmental regulations.

High-volatility   amine curatives, unreacted monomer, solvent-based formulation.

Use   low-volatility aromatic amines (DETDA, DMTDA boiling point >250°C);   specify 100% solids formulation; ensure REACH registration for all amine   curatives; provide SDS and exposure limit data; recommend PPE guidance; offer   water-borne or high-solids alternatives.